🗣️ SCIENCE, FUTURE & INNOVATION – complex speculation, Future Perfect and Future Continuous (C1)
Level C1 (Advanced – Innovation and Future Speculation)🗣️ C1 INNOVATION CHALLENGE
STEP 1 DI 10
📌 Lesson Contents (C1)
🚀 Future Perfect vs Future Continuous
At C1 level, when you talk about technological innovation, you need to show exactly how you see time in the future:
- Future Perfect (will have + past participle): An action that will be already finished by a certain point in the future.
➔ “By 2040, scientists will have found a cure for many diseases.” - Future Continuous (will be + -ing): An action that will be in progress at a particular moment in the future.
➔ “Next decade, humans will be living on permanent lunar bases.”
🔭 Advanced speculation
To show different degrees of scientific probability without using a simple “maybe” or “will”:
| Function / Degree of certainty | Advanced C1 Expression ✅ |
|---|---|
| Almost certain / Unavoidable | “Artificial intelligence is bound to transform education.” |
| About to happen | “We are on the verge of a massive technological breakthrough.” |
| High probability | “Renewable energy is likely to replace fossil fuels soon.” |
💡 Cutting-edge science vocabulary
Key terms to describe revolutionary innovations:
- Cutting-edge / State-of-the-art: The newest and most advanced.
- Paradigm shift: A radical change in the way we think about something.
- Breakthrough: A major scientific discovery.
- Obsolete: Out of date and no longer used.