A2 – B1 English | April 2025 | Politics and International Relations

🔎 Introduction: Why do the USA and Iran have problems?

In April 2025, the relationship between the United States and Iran is very tense again.
These two countries have a long and difficult history. For many years, they have not trusted each other.
Now, they are trying to talk again about nuclear weapons. However, the discussions are not easy.

These conversations are very important. In fact, they could help stop war in the Middle East.
On the other hand, if the talks fail, the situation could become more dangerous for the entire world.

🕰️ Some important background from the last years

To understand this situation, it is useful to look at the past.
In 2015, the USA, Iran, and other countries signed a nuclear agreement.
This deal was called the JCPOA, or Iran Nuclear Deal.
At the time, Iran promised to stop developing nuclear weapons. In return, many sanctions were removed.

However, in 2018, President Donald Trump decided to leave the agreement.
He said it was not strong enough. After that, relations between the USA and Iran became worse.
Iran restarted some nuclear activities, and the USA created new economic sanctions.

Later, in 2021, President Joe Biden tried to restart the talks.
Negotiations began again, but they were not successful.
Now, in 2025, Donald Trump is back in power, and the situation is even more complicated.

🗣️ What is happening now?

Currently, there are secret and official meetings between US and Iranian diplomats.
The goal is to reduce the danger of nuclear weapons.
Iran has proposed a three-step plan to stop the tensions.
This plan includes limits on uranium enrichment and more international inspections.

At the same time, the USA says it is open to talks but wants clear promises.
There is a fear that Iran may continue to work on nuclear weapons in secret.
Moreover, some US allies, such as Israel, do not trust Iran and want stronger rules.

In addition, President Trump wants to appear strong.
He does not want to lose political support. This makes the process more difficult.

🌍 Why this conflict matters for the world

This is not just a problem between two countries.
Actually, the situation affects many parts of the world.
Iran is a powerful country in the Middle East.
It has a strong presence in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Yemen.
If the conflict becomes worse, other wars could start. Refugee numbers could also rise.

In economic terms, the problem also affects oil prices.
Iran produces a lot of oil. If there is war, oil exports could stop.
As a result, the global economy may suffer.

Because of this, many countries, especially in Europe, are watching carefully.
They want peace and stability in the region.

💣 What are nuclear weapons and why are they a risk?

Nuclear weapons are extremely dangerous.
They can destroy entire cities in a few seconds.
Only a few countries in the world have them. This is why there are international rules to stop more countries from creating them.

If Iran builds a nuclear bomb, the balance of power in the Middle East will change.
Other countries may also try to build bombs.
This situation is called nuclear proliferation — and many leaders are very worried about it.

🧨 Recent events increasing tension

In the last few weeks, there have been new problems.
One example is an American drone that was shot down near the Iranian border.
The USA said it was flying in international airspace.
Iran, on the other hand, said it was spying.

Also, oil ships were attacked in the Persian Gulf.
The USA believes Iranian militias were behind the attacks. However, Iran denies this.

These events make the situation more tense.
They also make it harder for both sides to trust each other.
Even during peace talks, there is a high risk of mistakes.

🕊️ Is peace possible?

Today, many people are asking if peace between the USA and Iran is possible.
Some experts believe diplomacy is still the best option.
Others say that the differences are too big and that talks will not succeed.

At the same time, political situations inside both countries are changing.
In Iran, there will be elections soon. Some leaders support talks, others want a more aggressive policy.
In the USA, Trump is building his new foreign policy. He wants to show power before the next election.

Still, international groups continue to hope for peace.
The United Nations is trying to help with communication.
They encourage both sides to keep talking.

🧭 What happens next?

In the next few weeks, more meetings will happen.
Diplomats will meet in Geneva and Istanbul.
Both countries must now choose: continue the talks or stop them.

If they continue, there is still hope for a new agreement.
If they stop, the danger of war will grow again.
In the end, everything depends on the decisions of the leaders — and their ability to listen, not just speak.

📌 Summary – Key Points

• The USA and Iran are talking about nuclear weapons again in 2025.
• The old deal (JCPOA) ended in 2018 when Trump left it.
• Iran has now offered a new 3-step plan to reduce tensions.
• Trust is low, and other countries like Israel are watching closely.
• Oil prices, war risks, and diplomacy all depend on the talks.
• The next few weeks will be very important for peace in the region.

📘 GLOSSARY – English/Italian